los ntawm Cov Ntawv Teev Npe Hauv Internet Archive
Ib tug Broadband LNA rau UWB Cov Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Cov Kev Hloov Kho Txhim Kho Ntxiv
I. KEV QHIA
Kev txhim kho ntawm lub high-ceev wireless kev sib txuas lus system tso kev thov rau kev sib xyaw tsawg tsawg RF khoom siv nrog ntau GHz bandwidth kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm qis zog noj thiab muab voltage. Ultra-wideband (IEEE 802.15.3a) zoo li lub thev naus laus zis tshiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv xa mus ntau (nce txog 1 Gb / s) nyob rau hauv luv luv (10 m) ntawm lub zog qis. Cov thev naus laus zis no siv rau qee qhov kev thov xws li wireless tus kheej cov chaw sib txuas hauv cheeb tsam (WPANs), muab qhov chaw ib puag ncig rau kev xa cov suab, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv loj. Ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev uas tau hais kom siv cov koob npe ntawm 3.1-10.6-GHz tau faib rau UWB cov tshuab, siv Orthogonal zaus Feem Ntau Tus Txheej Txheem Tshaj Tawm ntawm txoj kev sib koom tes ntawm OFDM nrog rau 14 txoj haujlwm ua kom nruj dua nyob rau 528-MHz band dav thiab qhov nrawm nrawm-hopping cov phiaj xwm [ 1]. Hauv OFDM, cov chaw tsav nkoj f cov neeg xav tau kom sib koom ua ke. Txoj hau kev no tshem tawm cov lus sib tham ntawm cov sub-raws li thiab raws li cov xov tooj ntawm cov thauj khoom sib txuas tsis tsim nyog. Txawm hais tias tus qauv tsis tau ua tiav zoo, ib sab pem hauv ntej-dav dav LNA tsim nyog kiag li tsis hais tus qauv txais. Tus amplifier yuav tsum ua tau raws ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua, piv txwv li rau kev sib tshuam nrog cov lim dej ua ntej thiab kav hlau txais xov, amplifier input impedance yuav tsum nyob ze rau 50 dua qhov xav tau UWB band. Txawm li cas los xij qhov kev nce txaus nrog dav dav dav kom dhau ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, cov suab nrov me me los txhim kho lub zog txais hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg kom lub roj teeb lub neej, qhov chaw tuag me me kom txo tau tus nqi, kev tsis tuaj yeem ruaj khov thiab kab zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Muaj kev sib ze sib luag ntawm lawv. Feem ntau los ntawm kev txhim kho ib qho ntawm lawv, lwm tus puas tas.
II. Cov tswv yim theem
Common-rooj vag thiab Cascode teeb tsa yog ob yam ntawm cov qauv feem ntau siv los tsim cov tswv yim theem ntawm LNA hauv CMOS circuits, thaum lub Common-Gate thiab Cascode qauv muab dav-band thiab nqaim-qhab tawm tswv yim sib txuam. Txawm li cas los xij Cov-rooj vag theem muaj lub suab nrov intrinsically siab dua piv rau Cascode theem thiab cov kev qhia suab nrov-tso tseg yuav tsum siv.
Txawm li cas los xij cov impedance nkag tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees & W / L piv. Qhov tseeb cov qauv no xav txog qib kev ywj pheej rau kev hloov pauv ntawm transistor thiab kuj los ntawm kev xaiv qhov kev thauj khoom tsim nyog (kev sib xyaw zoo ntawm inductor thiab capacitors thaum xav txog cov nyhuv ntawm parasitic capacitance thiab lub cev), muab cov ntsiab lus tawm ntawm qhov dav dav. Qhov kev thauj khoom no yuav tsum yog sib npaug rau r_ds1. Txij li gm hloov, cov tswv yim tiv thaiv tsis sib haum thiab qhov sib txuam bandwidth yog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm f_T ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Parasitic transistor capacitance C_gs pib ua si lub luag haujlwm thaum kev ua haujlwm nquag pib nce. Hauv daim ntawv thov nqaim band, lub shunt inductor ntxiv rau hauv theem nkag mus rau rov txhawb nrog C_gsto txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov xav tau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij nyob rau hauv feem ntau CMOS nqaim band daim ntawv thov, cascode LNA nrog qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo dua yog qhov zoo dua tab sis rau kev cais tawm ntawm cov tswv yim rau cov zis thiab rho tawm ntawm C_gd txoj kev, Cov Common-Gate LNA ua tau zoo dua kev rho tawm thiab kev nyab xeeb piv rau Cov Lus Teb Ntawm LNA.
III. CIRCUIT TSIM TXOJ CAI THIAB TXHEEJ TXHEEM
Qhov kev thov kom dav LNA yog qhia nyob hauv Daim duab 1. Nws muaj cov theem nkag thiab ib qho kev sib tshooj. Cov lus 1 qhia txog cov qauv tsim ntawm cov lus thov CMOS LNA. Qhov tawm-nti tawm tsam-T muab lub rooj vag kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm M_3 thiab DC txoj kev tam sim no ntawm M_1. Cov koob inductor L_4 txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv nrog lub qhov rooj nkag- qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm M_3, ua rau kom muaj cov kab band loj thiab qee qhov seem ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub suab teb [17]. Cov parasitic capacitances ntawm M_2
Daim duab 1. Tshaj tawm ntawm qhov ua tau sab ntau-suab nrov LNA LNA
LUB ROOJ I
TSIM TAU TXOJ CAI NTAWM COV COG LUS CMOS LNA
L_in 4nH (W / L) 3 135 / 0.18
L_0 0.5nH (W / L) 4 37.5 / 0.18
L_1 4.5nH (W / L) 5 45 / 0.18
L_2 2.5nH C_in, C_ (tawm,) C_3 2PF
L_3 0.9nH C_1, C_2 1PF
L_4 2.2nH R_1 290Ω
L_5 0.8nH R_2 135Ω
(W / L) 1 18 / 0.18 R_3 40Ω
(W / L) 2 30 / 0.18
thiab M_3 ua LC qauv ntaiv nrog tus kav theej L_0. DC load resistors R_1 thiab R_2 ua ke nrog shunt peaking inductors L_1 thiab L_2 feem kom txuas tau hluav taws xob bandwidth zoo [10]. Cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv peaking inductor L_2 tseem cuam tshuam nrog tas nrho cov nplai loj muaj peev xwm C_d2 thiab C_d3 ntawm qhov dej ntws ntawm M_2 thiab M_3. Txij li cov load loador, R_3, ntxiv rau kom txo Q qhov xwm txheej ntawm L_3 rau nce lub tiaj. Cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0.18 ism txiav txim siab rau txhua tus transistors hauv xov tooj cua thov kom txo qis parasitic capacitances thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus. Ib qho kev tshwm sim nyob rau theem nthuav dav bandwidth, muab cov kev sib cais zoo dua thiab nce nce zaus. Qhov tseeb cov tswv yim theem thiab cov kev txhawb nqa theem tau pab txhawb nqa tsawg zog lub zog thiab lub siab zaus lub zog tau, feem. Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob qho tib si teb ua rau lub zog dav tau txais. Transistor M5 kuj tseem pab rau cov theem theem ntawm kev nce thiab kev nce qib ceev. Daim duab 2 qhia qhov cuam tshuam ntawm M5 ntawm S21 ntsuas.
Daim duab 2 Cov nyhuv ntawm M5 ntawm S21 ntsuas
Hauv Daim duab 3 qhov cuam tshuam ntawm M1 raws li cov theem nkag tau raug tshawb xyuas. Lub simulated NF thiab S11 parameter piv rau rooj plaub nrog M1 yog muab tua. Muaj kev lag luam nyob ze ntawm NF thiab S11. Thaum M_1 tau tig, NF tau nce thiab S21 parameter yog txo nrog tib lub zog hluav taws xob thiab muaj qhov sib luag zoo sib xws, tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws qhov kev sib nkag siab pom zoo yuav ua tiav. Cov kev xav ntxiv yuav tsum tau muab rau lub suab nrov ua qauv ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Lub Rooj Sib Tham hauv cov tswv yim theem, txawm hais tias transistor M_1 muab cov khoom siv dav dav sib txuam, nws muaj lub suab nrov intrinsically siab.
Daim duab 3. Simulated suab nrov tus naj npawb thiab tawm suab cais nrog M1 muab ON thiab OFF.
Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas qhov ua suab nrov, MOS transistor suab nrov nrov nrog cov suab nrov thermal channel siv. Raws li muaj nyob hauv Daim duab.4, tsis quav ntsej lub rooj vag thiab flicker nrov thiab kwv yees qhov sib txig sib luag hauv qhov kev tsom xam no, lub PSD ntawm cov suab nrov thermal thermal (i_ (n, d) ^ 2) ̅ tau muab raws li
(i_ (n, d) ^ 2) ̅ = 4KTγg_do ∆f = 4KT γ / α g_m ∆f (1)
Qhov twg Boltzmann tsis tu ncua, yog qhov kub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Kelvin, γ yog MOS transistor lub coefficient ntawm channel thermal suab nrov, defined tau txhais raws qhov piv ntawm transconductance g_mand xoom-bias ntws conductance g_ds thiab yog bandwidth dua qhov uas lub suab nrov yog ntsuas feem.
Cov kab zauv nram qab no piav qhia txog lub suab nrov los ntawm R_1, M_1, M_2 thiab M_3 uas lawv pab txhawb rau lub suab nrov tag nrho [1]
Daim duab 4. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm lub suab nrov schematic
Yog tias tus mob (2) tau tsim tsa lub suab nrov ntawm M_1 raug zam [1].
g_m2 R_1 = g_m3 R_s (2)
Cov kab zauv nram qab no piav qhia txog lub suab nrov los ntawm R_1, M_2 thiab M_3 uas lawv pab txhawb rau lub suab nrov tag nrho.
F_R1 = (4KT 〖R_1 g_m2〗 ^ 2) / (KTR_s (g_m3 + 〖g_m2 R〗 _1 / R_s) ^ 2) = R_s / R_1 (3)
F_M2 = (4KTγ / αg_m2) / (KTR_s 〖(g_m3 + g_1m1 (Z_ (L_R1) ‖r_o1) g_m2)〗 ^ 2) = γ / α 1 / (g_m2 R_1) F_R1 (4)
F_M3 = (4KTγ / α g_m3) / (KTR_s 〖(g_m3 + g_m1 (Z_ (L_R1) ‖r_o1) g_m2)〗 ^ 2) = (4γ / α) / (〖g_m3 R〗 _s 〖(1 + R_s g_m1) 〗 ^ 2) (5)
Yog li, tag nrho cov suab nrov ntawm daim duab tuaj yeem kwv yees tau li (6)
F_total = R_s / R_1 (1 + γ / α 1 / (g_m2 R_1)) + (4 γ / α) / (〖g_m3 R〗 _s 〖(1 + R_s g_m1)〗 ^ 2) (6)
IV.SIMULATION TXOJ CAI
Tus Circuit Court tau simulated nrog 0.18μm TSMC lub tsev qiv ntawv Hspice software. Txhua qhov kev sim ua tiav yog xav txog 50Ω cov lus qhia thiab tso tawm cov lus xaus. Hauv daim duab 5 (a) nce lub zog thiab rov qab cais tawm ntawm LNA raug sim. Qhov nruab nrab nce lub zog yog kwv yees li 14.5 dB nrog 0.7 dB ripple dhau qhov ntau zaus. Kev rov qab sib cais yog qhov tsawg dua -35dB. Daim duab 5 (b) qhia lub suab nrov, kev tawm tswv yim thiab kev rho tawm. Tus NF tsawg dua 2.9 dB, S11 tsawg dua-14.8db thiab S22 yog kwv yees tsawg dua -10dB.
(B)
Daim duab 5. (a) Simulated nce lub zog thiab kev rho tawm rov qab (b) Lub suab tsis muaj suab nrov, kev rho tawm tawm suab thiab kev rho tawm
"Daim duab 6" qhia txog IIP3 ntawm Circuit Court piv rau zaus.
Daim duab 7. Ntsuas IIP3 piv rau ntau zaus
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau qhia hauv "ROOJ II" thiab piv nrog cov luam tawm CMOS LNAs.
LUB HOM PHIAJ 2 KEV UA HAUJLWM CAIJ NTUJ NO
VI. LUS XAUS
Daim ntawv no nthuav tawm kev tsim qauv tshiab ntawm UWB LNA tus qauv raws tus qauv RFCMOS thev naus laus zis. Txaus siab cov ntsiab lus txuam thiab cov suab nrov ua tiav tau tom qab hais txog kev sib pauv khoom ntawm cov tswv yim cuam tshuam ntawm lub rooj vag sib luag thiab nws. kev ua suab nrov. Kev ntsuas lub suab nrov yog tsawg dua 2.9 dB tshaj 3.1-10.6-GHz. Qhov nce siab yog tsim nyog teev hauv txhua qhov LNA tsim thiab qhov kev siv fais fab simulated yog 14.5 ± 0.7 dB.
ua tim khawv
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