Diodes ndeimwe yeakajairika semiconductor zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi nhasi.
Ndivo zvakare vamwe vevasinganzwisisike.
Mushure mezvose, madhidhiyo anowanzo kunzi "masuo enzira imwe" kana "kubira magedhi" pavanenge vachitaura nezvekushanda kwavo.
Kana diode ikagurwa kubva kunze kwemagetsi, maerekitironi mukati maro anovharirwa mukati uye haakwanise kutiza zvakare.
Saka nekudaro, iyi misungo inoyerera ichiyerera nepakati peiyo chikamu chedunhu mukati isina nzira yekubuda kunze kweyakatarisana nechiteshi kana nzira yekudzoka (saka zita richipfuura zita).
Zvisinei, kana diodes inotaurwa pamwe chete nemagetsi inogona kuvhiringidza.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanofunga nezvavo semidziyo yemutsara-asi ivo vaine maitiro asina mutsara izvo zvinoita kuti vanyanye kuita zvakasiyana pane kungove nyore pa/kudzima switch.
Zvakawanda sekuti chiridzwa chemumhanzi chine mashandisiro akawanda sei kunze kwekutamba manotsi, diode inoshandisa zvinangwa zvakawanda kupfuura kungochinja magetsi nekudzima.
Ngatitarisei kuti madhidhiyo anoshanda sei kuti unzwisise kuti angashandiswa sei uye kuti ndeapi akasiyana zvimiro zvavanazvo zvinovaita zvidimbu zvinobatsira zvemagetsi maseketi.
Chii chinonzi diode?
Diodes inzira imwe chete yemagetsi shunts.
Diode igetsi inodzorwa nemagetsi maviri-nzira switch inobvumira ikozvino kuyerera munzira imwe chete pasi pemamwe mamiriro.
Kana ikozvino inoyerera munzira imwe chete kuburikidza ne diode, maviri ayo semiconductor "minwe" yakabatana pamwechete.
Kana ikozvino ichiyerera neimwe nzira, zvigunwe zviviri zvakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe uye hapana ikozvino inoyerera.
Diodes inogadzirwa kubva kune maviri semiconducting zvinhu izvo zvinowanzorongedzwa ne "sandwich" fashoni kudzivirira maerekitironi kuti asayerera kumativi ese.
Chishoma chezvino pane mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu chinogona kubvisa simba rayo rakawandisa sekupisa, zvichiita kuti maerekitironi akwanise kuyerera nemu diode mune imwe nzira-kunyangwe kana voltage padhiodhi yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura voltage inoiswa kune rimwe divi.
Nekuda kwekuti dunhu rinoshanda redhiodhi rinongobvumira maerekitironi kuti afambe achienda kune rimwe divi asi nzvimbo yekunze ichidzivharira kuti irege kuyerera ichidzoka, inotsanangurwa senzira imwe chete yemagetsi.
Diodes ane materminal akanaka uye asina kunaka
Migumo miviri yedhiodhi yakanyorwa kuti + uye - kuratidza kuti haina polarity yemukati.
Kana magetsi akaiswa kumigumo ye diode, izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti pfupi-circuit kana "negative" kuyedza.
Diode haina polarized seyakajairwa polarized magetsi wiring-migumo inoshandiswa pakuedza chete uye pakati peiyo diode haina kwayakarerekera ("hapana polarity") uye yakabatana nedunhu zvinhu.
Mune zvemagetsi, iyo yakanaka terminal ye diode kazhinji ndiyo anode uye iyo isina kunaka terminal ndiyo cathode.
Nekudaro, iyo gungano haina kuiswa mudombo.
Mune mamwe maseketi, iyo yakaipa terminal ndiyo cathode uye iyo yakanaka terminal ndiyo anode.
Somuenzaniso, mune a LED dunhu, iyo yakaipa terminal ndiyo cathode, asi mubhatiri redunhu, iyo yakaipa terminal ndiyo anode.
Kune marudzi akawanda e diode
Kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi edhiodhi anowanikwa kuti ashandiswe mumagetsi.
Mazhinji diode ndeemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze semiconductor, asi kunewo rectifiers, photodiodes, uye transistors inoshanda semadhidhiyo.
Kusarudza mhando yakakodzera ye diode kune imwe dunhu kwakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro inodiwa.
Mamwe akakosha marudzi edhiodhi anosanganisira: - Inokurumidza Rectifiers: Aya diode anofambisa magetsi nekukasira, achibvumira kune yakakwirira-frequency application.
- Standard Rectifiers: Aya diode anoitisa magetsi zvishoma nezvishoma, achibvumira yakaderera-frequency application.
- Schottky Barrier Rectifiers: Aya diode ane yakavakirwa-mukati Schottky diode inovadzivirira kuitisa kumashure.
- Photodiodes: Zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandura mwenje kuita magetsi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha mukunzwa maapplication.
Madhiodhi ane akasiyana voltage maburi, maitiro, uye kuparara kwemagetsi
Kunyange zvazvo madiodhi achiramba ari nzira imwe chete yemagetsi emagetsi, anowanzove ane high-high breakdown voltage (inopfuura 1 megavolt) uye breakdown voltage threshold (yakadzikira voltage inodiwa kutanga kuparara) inoita kuti ikwane kune mamwe marudzi ekushandisa.
Izvi zvikumbaridzo paramita zvinoenderana nerudzi rwe diode iri kushandiswa uye inogona kuchinjwa kugadzira akasiyana marudzi e diode.
Semuenzaniso, inokurumidza rectifier diode ine breakdown voltage pachikumbaridzo inosvika 0.3 volts.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana magetsi ari pa diode ari pasi pe 0.3 volts, diode haizoiti uye dunhu rinoramba riri mumamiriro ayo epakutanga.
Kana iyo yedunhu ichiedza kudhirowa yazvino uye voltage padunhu rakawedzera, iyo diode yekuputsa voltage chikumbaridzo inosangana uye diode inotanga kuitisa ikozvino kune yakatarisana.
Diodes inogona kushandiswa mumutsara kana isina mutsara application
Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chemadiode ndechekuti anogona kushandiswa mumutsara kana asina mutsara application.
Kana ichishandiswa mumutsara maapplication, diode inoshandiswa sechinjo.
Mune mamwe mazwi, inoitisa ikozvino mune imwe nzira zvichienderana nemhepo inoshandiswa kudunhu.
Kana magetsi akaiswa padunhu, maerekitironi anotanga kuyerera nemu diode uye dunhu rinofambiswa.
Iyo diode inogona kufungidzirwa se "imwe-nzira switch".
Kana dunhu richifambiswa, diode inoitisa ikozvino, ichitenderedza dunhu.
Kana pasina voltage inoshandiswa padunhu rose, diode haiite, uye dunhu rinodzimwa.
Mune zvisiri zvemashandisirwo, iyo diode inoshandiswa kukwidziridza kana kuwedzera amplitude kana simba, yechiratidzo.
Semuenzaniso, kana dunhu richishandisa chiratidzo chepasi-frequency kudzora chimwe chinhu (sekuvhura kana kudzima mota), dunhu pacharo rinogona kuvharwa nechiratidzo.
Asi kana chiratidzo chacho chakakwirira zvakakwana (kufanana nefoni yedhiyabhorosi kana mimhanzi kubva kuchiteshi cheredhiyo), diode inogona kushandiswa kukwidziridza uye kushandura simba redunhu, richibvumira kudzorwa nechiratidzo chepamusoro-frequency.
High Voltage Diodes Inoshanda Sei?
Kana simba repamusoro rinoshandiswa kumativi a diode, inotanga kuitisa.
Nekudaro, nekuti magetsi akanyanya kukwirisa, maerekitironi akavharirwa mukati medhiodhi haakwanise kuburitsa simba rawo muhuwandu hwakakwana kuti asunungurwe kubva muhusungwa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, diode inoitisa zvishoma, asi haina kukwana kuita simba redunhu.
Kana mhepo yakaderera inoshandiswa kumasuwo epairi ye transistors iyo inodzora mhepo inoshandiswa kumativi ose (inonzi ladder circuit), chiratidzo chinobvumirwa kudarika chisina kurongeka.
Nekudaro, kana paine mhepo shoma yakawandisa padanho remanera uye madhiodhi asiri kuita zvakakwana ikozvino, chiratidzo hachitenderwe kuburikidza uye dunhu rinodzimwa.
Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kusimbisa maseketi akareruka uye zvinogona kubatsira kune vanoronga, makomputa, uye nenguva.
Maitiro ekuverengera Voltage Threshold yeDiode
Ngatiti iwe unobatanidza diode kune 12-volt magetsi sosi uye uchida kuziva kana ichizoita (kupa simba) pane yakaderera voltage.
Iyo equation yekuverenga iyo breakdown voltage (VOM) ye semiconductor mudziyo unotevera: Muequation iyi, "VOH" ndiyo voltage pamudziyo painodonha, "VOHSC" ndiyo voltage pachikumbaridzo che diode painoitisa, "Ini" ndiyo yazvino kuburikidza nedhiodhi, "E" ndiyo voltage yendima yemagetsi padhidhiyo uye "n" inhamba yemaerekitironi mu diode.
Kuti uone chikumbaridzo chemagetsi che diode, unofanirwa kuziva kuparara kwemagetsi e diode.
Unogona kuwana kukosha uku nekushandisa equation iri pamusoro.
Iyo yekuputsika voltage yeyakajairwa silicon pn junction diode ndeye 1.5 volts.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana magetsi ari pamusoro pe diode ari 1.5 volts, diode inoputsika uye inotanga kuitisa ikozvino.