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Transistors - Xalka Hufan ee Kordhinta Calaamadaha korantada ee daciifka ah
Transistor waa aalad elektiroonig ah oo yar oo sababi karta isbeddel ku yimaadda calaamadda wax-soo-saarka korantada ee waaweyn is-beddello yar oo ku yimaadda calaamadda yar ee wax la galiyo Taasi waa, signalka daciifka ah ee daciifka ah ayaa lagu kordhin karaa transistor. Transistor wuxuu ka kooban yahay seddex lakab oo silikoon ah ama walxaha semiconductor germanium ah. Wasakhda ayaa lagu daraa lakab kasta si loo abuuro dabeecad koronto ama fal danbiyeed khaas ah lagu soo oogay. "P" waxaa loogu talagalay lakabka lagu soo oogay oo wanaagsan "N" waxaa loogu talagalay lakabka xun ee lagu soo eedeeyay. Transistors waa NPN ama PNP qaabeynta lakabyada. Ma jiro farqi gaar ah marka laga reebo kala-goynta danabyada loo baahan yahay in la adeegsado si transistorku u shaqeeyo. Calaamadda taban ee daciifka ah ayaa lagu dabaqayaa lakabka dhexe ee loo yaqaan salka waxaana badanaa loo tixraacaa dhulka oo sidoo kale ku xiran lakabka hoose ee loo yaqaan emitter. Calaamadda waxsoosaarka weyn waxaa laga qaadaa aruuriyaha sidoo kale waxaa loo tixraacayaa dhulka iyo emitter-ka. Kiciyeyaal dheeri ah iyo kaabayaasha ayaa loo baahan yahay oo ay weheliyaan ugu yaraan hal ilo koronto oo DC ah si loo dhammaystiro qalabka wax lagu dhejiyo.
Transistor waa dhismaha dhismaha qalabka elektarooniga casriga ah iyo idaacadaha ka horreeyay, xisaabiyaha, kombiyuutarrada, iyo nidaamyada kale ee elektarooniga casriga ah. Hal abuureyaasha ayaa dhab ahaan la siiyay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize sanadkii 1956 iyagoo ikhtiraacay transistor. Waxaa lagu doodi karaa inay tahay mid ka mid ah hal-abuurka ugu muhiimsan qarnigii 20-aad. Sannadkii 2009, transistor-kii ugu horreeyay ee ay ikhtiraacdo 'Bell Labs' waxaa loo magacaabay IEEE Milestone. Waxaa jira in ka badan bilyan transistors shaqsiyadeed oo la soo saaro sanad walba (oo loo yaqaan 'transistors discrete'). Si kastaba ha noqotee, aqlabiyad ballaaran ayaa lagu soo saaraa wareegtooyin isku dhafan oo ay weheliyaan dyoodyo, iska caabyeyaal, kaabayaasha, iyo qaybaha kale ee elektarooniga ah, oo ka kooban wareegyo elektaroonig ah. Transistors waxaa loo isticmaali karaa tiro kasta oo ka bilaabanta 20 irdaha macquulka ah ilaa 3 bilyan oo microprocessor ah. Sababtoo ah qiimaha hoose, dabacsanaanta, iyo isku halaynta la xiriirta transistor-ka, waxay noqotay mid si ballaaran loo soo saaray. Si arrimaha wax looga dhigo, waxaa jiray 60 milyan oo transistors oo loo dhisay qof kasta oo Dunida dib ugu soo noqday 2002. Hadda in ka badan toban sano ka dib, tiradaas ayaa sii kordheysa.
Labada nooc ee transistors waa transpoor-laba-cirifoodka iyo transistor-saamaynta goobta, oo leh kala duwanaansho yar marka loo eego sida loogu isticmaalo wareegga. Transistors-ka waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sida shidmooyinka elektiroonigga ah ee loogu talagalay codsiyada awoodda sare iyo kuwa hooseeya. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa inay yihiin kuwa wax lagu kordhiyo taas oo ah in isbeddel yar oo ku dhaca danabku uu beddelo kan yar ee hadda maraya saldhigga transistor-ka. Qaar ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka muhiimka ah ee transistors ka alaabooyinka kale waa cabir yar, culeys yar, isticmaalka koronto ee kululeeyaha kuleyl, muddo diirimaad kuleyliyaha cathode loo baahan yahay ka dib marka la isticmaalo awoodda, kalsooni sarreysa, kacsanaanta jirka oo weyn, nolol aad u dheer, iyo dareen la’aan naxdin farsamo iyo gariir, iyo kuwo kale.
Soosaarayaasha ugu sareeya transistors waa Maxim Integrated, Micro semi Power Products Group, NXP Semiconductors, ON Semiconductor, Panasonic Electronic Components, Rohm Semiconductor, Sanken, SANYO Semiconductor Corporation, STMicroelectronics, iyo Toshiba.
Haddii aad Google u tahay waxyaabaha ugu wanaagsan ee transistor-ka waxaad heli doontaa dukaamo hal joogsi ah oo loogu talagalay qaybaha transistor kasta oo aad raadineyso, iyadoon loo eegin cidda soo saartay ama ujeeddada ay tahay.