Ama-Diode angenye yezinsiza ezijwayelekile ze-semiconductor ezisetshenziswa emishinini kagesi namuhla.
Nabo bangabanye abangaqondwa kahle.
Phela, ama-diode avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amasango endlela eyodwa" noma "amasango antshontsha" lapho ekhuluma ngokusebenza kwawo.
Uma i-diode inqanyulwa ku-voltage yangaphandle, ama-electron angaphakathi kuyo avaleleka ngaphakathi futhi angaphinde abaleke.
Kanjalo, lokhu kuvala ukugeleza kwamanje kuleyo ngxenye ethile yesekhethi ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokuphuma ngaphandle kwetheminali ephambene noma indlela yokubuya (ngaleyo ndlela igama lidlula igama).
Kodwa-ke, lapho ama-diode eshiwo ngokuhambisana ne-electronics angadideka.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bacabanga ngawo njengamadivayisi ahambisanayo—lapho empeleni anokuziphatha okungaqondile okuwenza aguquguquke kakhulu kunokushintsha nje kokuvula/ukuvala.
Ngokufana nokuthi insimbi yomculo inokusetshenziswa okuningi ngalé kokudlala amanothi, i-diode inezinjongo eziningi ngaphandle kokuvula nokuvala amandla kagesi.
Ake sibheke ukuthi ama-diode asebenza kanjani ukuze uqonde ukuthi angasetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele anazo ezizenza zibe izingcezu eziwusizo ze-electronic circuitry.
Iyini i-diode?
Ama-Diode ayindlela eyodwa yokuvala ugesi.
I-diode iyiswishi yezindlela ezimbili elawulwa nge-elekthronikhi evumela ukuthi okwamanje kugeleze ohlangothini olulodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Lapho i-current igeleza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela nge-diode, "iminwe" yayo emibili ye-semiconductor ixhunywe ndawonye.
Uma i-current igeleza ngenye indlela, iminwe emibili ihlukanisiwe komunye nomunye futhi akukho ukugeleza kwamanje.
Ama-Diode enziwe ngezinto ezimbili ze-semiconducting ezivame ukuhlelwa ngendlela “yesemishi” ukuvimba ama-electron ukuthi angagelezi nhlangothi zombili.
Inani elincane lamanje ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile lingahlakaza amandla alo adlulele njengokushisa, okwenza ama-electron akwazi ukugeleza ku-diode ohlangothini olulodwa-ngisho noma i-voltage ngaphesheya kwe-diode iphakeme kakhulu kune-voltage esetshenziswa ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Ngenxa yokuthi indawo esebenzayo ye-diode ivumela kuphela ama-electron ukuthi ageleze aye ohlangothini olulodwa kuyilapho isifunda esingaphandle siwavimbela ukuba abuyele emuva, kuchazwa njengendlela eyodwa kagesi.
Ama-Diode anezindawo zokugcina ezinhle nezingezinhle
Iziphetho ezimbili ze-diode zilebulwe ngokuthi + futhi – ukukhombisa ukuthi ayinakho ukuhlukana kwangaphakathi.
Uma i-voltage isetshenziswa ekugcineni kwe-diode, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit noma "negative".
Ama-Diode awahlukanisiwe njengezintambo zikagesi ezihlukanisiwe ezijwayelekile—iziphetho zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola kuphela futhi indawo emaphakathi ye-diode ayithathi hlangothi (“ayikho i-polarity”) futhi ixhunywe kuzakhi zesekethe.
Ku-electronics, i-terminal ephozithivu ye-diode ngokuvamile i-anode kanti i-negative terminal yi-cathode.
Nokho, umhlangano awumisiwe.
Kwezinye izifunda, ukuphela kwe-negative yi-cathode kanti i-positive terminal yi-anode.
Ngokwesibonelo, ku-an Isifunda se-LED, itheminali enegethivu i-cathode, kodwa kumjikelezo webhethri, itheminali eyinegethivu yi-anode.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-diode
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-diode ezitholakalayo ukuze zisetshenziswe kuma-electronics.
Ama-diode amaningi awohlobo lwe-semiconductor, kodwa akhona nama-rectifiers, ama-photodiode, nama-transistors asebenza njengama-diode.
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-diode yesifunda esithile kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela oyifunayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezibalulekile ze-diode zihlanganisa: - Izivuseleli Ezisheshayo: Lawa ma-diode ahambisa ugesi ngokushesha okukhulu, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamafrikhwensi aphezulu.
- Izilungisi Ezijwayelekile: Lawa ma-diode ahambisa ugesi kancane kancane, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamafrikhwensi aphansi.
- I-Schottky Barrier Rectifiers: Lawa ma-diode ane-diode eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-Schottky ebavimbela ukuthi babuyele emuva.
- Ama-Photodiodes: Lawa madivayisi aguqula ukukhanya kube ugesi, awenze abe wusizo ekuzweni izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ama-Diode anemikhawulo ehlukene kagesi, izici, nama-voltage okuqhekeka
Nakuba ama-diode ehlala exhunywe indlela eyodwa kagesi, ngokuvamile ane-voltage ephezulu kakhulu yokuphuka (enkulu kuno-1 megavolt) kanye ne-voltage enqamulayo (ukuncipha kwamandla kagesi adingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe ukuwohloka) okuwenza afanelekele izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Le mingcele incike ohlotsheni lwe-diode esetshenziswayo futhi ingashintshwa ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-diode.
Njengesibonelo, i-diode yokulungisa ngokushesha inomkhawulo we-voltage wokuwohloka ongaba ngu-0.3 volts.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma i-voltage kuyo yonke i-diode ingaphansi kuka-0.3 volts, i-diode ngeke isebenze futhi isekethe izohlala isesimweni sayo sokuqala.
Uma isifunda sizama ukudweba amandla amanje futhi i-voltage yonkana kumjikelezo iyanda, umkhawulo we-voltage wokuwohloka we-diode uyafinyelelwa futhi i-diode iqala ukuqhuba okwamanje ngokuphambene.
Ama-Diode angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziqondile noma ezingaqondile
Isici esisodwa esiyingqayizivele sama-diode ukuthi angasetshenziswa kuhlelo lokusebenza oluqondile noma olungaqondile.
Uma isetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni komugqa, i-diode isetshenziswa njengokushintsha.
Ngamanye amazwi, iqhuba okwamanje ohlangothini olulodwa kuye ngokuthi i-voltage esetshenziswe kumjikelezo.
Lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa kumjikelezo, ama-electron aqala ukugeleza ku-diode futhi isekethe inikwe amandla.
I-diode ingacatshangwa ngokuthi "ukushintsha kwendlela eyodwa".
Lapho isifunda sinikwa amandla, i-diode iqhuba okwamanje, ivula isifunda.
Uma kungekho voltage esetshenziswa kuyo yonke isekethe, i-diode ayiqhubi, futhi isekethe iyacishwa.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezona umugqa, i-diode isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa noma ukukhulisa i-amplitude noma amandla, esignali.
Isibonelo, uma isekethe isebenzisa isignali yefrikhwensi ephansi ukulawula okuthile (njengokuvula noma ukuvala injini), isekethe ngokwayo ingase inikwe amandla isignali.
Kodwa uma isignali iphakeme ngokwanele (njengethoni yokudayela yocingo noma umculo ovela esiteshini somsakazo), i-diode ingasetshenziswa ukukhulisa nokuvula amandla wesekethe, okuvumela ukuthi ilawulwe isignali yefrikhwensi ephezulu.
Isebenza kanjani i-High Voltage Diode?
Lapho i-voltage ephezulu isetshenziswa ngaphesheya kwe-a idayode, iqala ukuziphatha.
Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage iphezulu kakhulu, ama-electron avaleleke ngaphakathi kwe-diode awakwazi ukukhulula amandla awo ngamanani anele ukuze akhululeke ekuboshweni kwawo.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-diode iqhuba kancane, kodwa akwanele ukunika amandla isifunda.
Lapho i-voltage ephansi isetshenziswa emasangweni epheya lama-transistors alawula i-voltage esetshenziswa kumjikelezo (okuthiwa isekethe yesitebhisi), isignali ivunyelwe ukudlula ngokungalawulwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona i-voltage encane kakhulu kumjikelezo wesitebhisi futhi ama-diode engabambi isikhathi esanele, isignali ayivunyelwe futhi isekethe iyacishwa.
Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukunika amandla amasekhethi alula futhi kungaba wusizo kuzihlungi, amakhompyutha, nezibali sikhathi.
Ungabala kanjani i-Voltage Threshold ye-Diode
Ake sithi uxhuma i-diode kumthombo wamandla angu-12-volt futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi izoqhuba yini (inikeze amandla) nge-voltage ephansi.
Isibalo sokubala i-breakdown voltage (VOM) yedivayisi ye-semiconductor imi kanje: Kule zibalo, i-“VOH” i-voltage kuyo yonke idivayisi lapho iphuka, i-“VOHSC” i-threshold voltage ye-diode lapho iqhuba, U-“Mina” ungowamanje nge-diode, u-“E” ugesi wenkambu kagesi kuyo yonke i-diode futhi u-“n” inombolo yama-electron ku-diode.
Ukuze unqume umkhawulo we-voltage we-diode, udinga ukwazi i-voltage yokuwohloka kwe-diode.
Ungathola leli nani ngokusebenzisa isibalo esingenhla.
I-voltage yokuwohloka ye-silicon pn junction diode ejwayelekile ingu-1.5 volts.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho i-voltage kuyo yonke i-diode ingu-1.5 volts, i-diode izophuka futhi iqale ukuqhuba okwamanje.